Epilepsy Essays (857 words) - Seizure Types, Epilepsy,

Epilepsy Epilepsy - The Silent Stalker By Steven Voskanian What is Epilepsy? Epilepsy, also called seizure disorder, chronic brain disorder that briefly interrupts the normal electrical activity of the brain to cause seizures, characterized by a variety of symptoms including uncontrolled movements of the body, disorientation or confusion, sudden fear, or loss of consciousness. Epilepsy may result from a head injury, stroke, brain tumor, lead poisoning, genetic conditions, or severe infections like meningitis or encephalitis. In over 70 percent of cases no cause for epilepsy were identified. About 1 percent of the world population, or over 2 million people, are diagnosed with epilepsy. How this shocking and loathsome disorder is detected. In persons suffering from epilepsy, the brain waves, electrical activity in the part of the brain called the cerebral cortex, have a characteristically abnormal rhythm produced by excessive electrical discharges in the nerve cells. Because these wave patterns differ markedly according to their specific source, a recording of the brain waves, known as an electroencephalogram (EEG) is important in the diagnosis and study of the disorder. Diagnosis also requires a thorough medical history describing seizure characteristics and frequency. Types of Seizures How severe do they get? Epileptic seizures vary in intensity and symptoms depending on what part of the brain is involved. In partial seizures, the most common form of seizure in adults, only one area of the brain is involved. Partial seizures are classified as simple partial, complex partial, and absence (or petit mal) seizures. People who have simple partial seizures may experience unusual sensations such as uncontrollable jerky motions of a body part, sight or hearing impairment, sudden sweating or flushing, nausea, and feelings of fear. Complex partial seizures, also called temporal lobe epilepsy, last for only one or two minutes. The individual may appear to be in a trance and moves randomly with no control over body movements. The individual's activity does not cease during the seizure, but behavior is random and totally unrelated to the individual's surroundings. This form of seizure may be preceded by an aura (a warning sensation characterized by feelings of fear, abdominal discomfort, dizziness, or strange odors and sensations). Absence seizures, rare in adults, are characterized by a sudden, momentary loss or impairment of consciousness. Overt symptoms are often as slight as an upward staring of the eyes, a staggering gait, or a twitching of the facial muscles. No aura occurs and the person often resumes activity without realizing that the seizure has occurred. In a second type of epilepsy, known as generalized seizure, tonic clonic, grand mal, or convulsion, the whole brain is involved. This type of seizure is often characterized by an involuntary scream, caused by contraction of the muscles that control breathing. As loss of consciousness sets in, the entire body is gripped by a jerking muscular contraction. The face reddens, breathing stops, and the back arches. Then, alternate contractions and relaxations of the muscles throw the body into sometimes violent agitation such that the person may be subject to serious injury. After the convulsion subsides, the person is exhausted and may sleep heavily. Confusion, nausea, and sore muscles are often experienced, and the individual may have no memory of the seizure. Attacks occur at varying intervals, in some people as seldom as once a year and in others as frequently as several times a day. About 8 percent of those subject to generalized seizures may have status epilepticus, in which seizures occur successively with no intervening periods of consciousness. These attacks may be fatal unless treated promptly with the drug diazepam. Treatment for an Incurable Disorder There is no cure for epilepsy but symptoms of the disorder may be treated with drugs, surgery, or a special diet. Drug therapy is the most common treatmentseizures can be prevented or their frequency lessened in 80 to 85 percent of cases by drugs known as anticonvulsants or antiepileptics. Surgery is used when drug treatments fail and the brain tissue causing the seizures is confined to one area and can safely be removed. A special high-fat diet known as a ketogenic diet produces a chemical condition in the body called ketosis that helps prevent seizures in young children. Like any medical condition, epilepsy is effected by general health. Regular exercise, plenty of rest, and

How to Be a Great Speech Writer

How to Be a Great Speech Writer So if you decided to write a speech on any topic, or a professor asked you to make a speech on a specific subject – you need some assistance in writing it, or you need to find a qualified speech writer to write the whole paper for you. The main point of doing speeches – is to be able to write a great quality speech according to your own personality, for you to be able to deliver the message of the statement to the audience effectively. Though it is perceived that the central part of the speech is the speech itself – it is wrong. The principal obligation of a quality speech writer is to be able to write a good statement, for it to be interesting for the audience, as well as to stress on the essential parts of the speech. Here are several tips on how to be a good speech writer, and manage to write a good speech for your class: Try focusing on the audience’s taste and field of interest. A good speech writer always defines what the audience will be interested in, and tries to incorporate his speech according to these interests. Never use too sophisticated language. The audience hates to admit that you are smarter than they are, so try not to sound too bright for the speech. Avoid passive voice. The most critical questions in the speech are â€Å"What?† and â€Å"Who?† A speech writer has to focus on these questions to build a good, comprehensive paper. It does not matter if you are an informative speech writer or a persuasive speech writer – you have to maintain a good and profound structure, logical and algorithmic. The best speech writers always think ahead of all consequences of the things they say in their speech. You have to be able to foresee the questions you might be asked during the speech, and you have to be able to explain yourself and answer them correctly and efficiently. All professional speech writers need to check the speeches they have written afterward. You need to reread the speech like twelve times before you can be able to stand up in front of the whole audience and communicate your message. If you are having problems with your speech – why not ask for help from an expert? CustomWritings.com can easily help and assist you with your statement. We are ready to provide you with a professional speech writer, who will help you and develop your speech for it to look magnificent, and for you to be able to succeed with the speech. CustomWritings.com has been helping students for more than ten years, and has excellent experience in speech writing. If you inquire right now – you will receive speech assistance in a matter of seconds.

Installation project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Installation project - Assignment Example The main purpose for this installation will be to ease the service delivery in the airport making it more comfortable for the travelers departing and those arriving. This will not be just limited to the passengers but all the activities that take place at the airport in general. The project will be meant to monitor movement of air traffic, movement of road traffic to and from the airport, movement of goods within the airport and to an extent the weather conditions at the airport. This information will be crucial in reducing the intensity of travelers while at the airport. While undertaking this project, it is important to understand that the area in question is a normal 2D earth surface that will have to be transformed into a 4D Euclidean surface using the transformation mathematical formula. The surface will further be embedded into maps and metrics using the same concepts as those used in 4D Euclidean space transformations. 2. A general survey will have to be conducted across the airport to determine the general layout and nature of the airport. This will involve picking of data about feature s such as buildings and other structure s available at the airport. This task can be carried out by a surveyor or a GIS technician. 3. After analyzing the layout of the airport, the site engineer will choose a point at which the giant bear will be installed taking into consideration the movement of air traffic and passengers and also its proximity to the main travelers’

Proportional representative system in U.K Term Paper

Proportional representative system in U.K - Term Paper Example The reason for this has been partly likened to the failure by the plural form of elections to produce a clear winner after the 1974 election, which saw the formation of a weak government without an outright majority (Amy 23). Additionally, the additional vote from a third party in the 70s has also acted to highlight the disproportionate and distorted nature of a pluralist voting system. This paper provides a discussion on the way proportional representative system is better than plurality system in the UK. The Labor government, in 1997, made a promise to hold a referendum as soon as it got into power that would vote on the issue of introducing a representative voting system. However, this referendum was continually delayed and dropped off the labor party agenda. Additionally, the amount of choice that the voter would be given could also be limited. This is because there is an argument that the Labor Party and the Tories stand to lose the most if any changes are effected to the plural ist electoral system, which explains their reluctance to pursue the issue (Amy 25). Had proportional representation been used during the elections of 1997, it is possible that the big Labor majority would have seen a reduction with major gains by the Liberal Democrats (Connolly 31). This would have seen a gain from the forty six seats they attained to as high as one hundred and six members of parliament. The Lib Dems got 16.8% of all the votes cast, but suffered when it came to actual seats at Westminster, gaining less than ten percent of the total seats. Proportional representation would have altered their standing and greatly reduced that of the Labor Party. A similar incident would have occurred in the elections of 2001, a result that intimates the fact that pluralist electoral models are unfair and have the potential to be undemocratic, i.e., the number of votes that are cast for the government are not proportional to that the government’s popularity with the UK public (C onnolly 31). All proportional representation forms tend to possess similar basic merits. These merits include the fact that the system is more representative of the voting public’s wishes as expressed during the voting process (Connolly 35). In addition, fewer wasted votes encourage better participation in the election. The pluralist electoral model could lead to some voters avoiding the voting process because they perceive it as a wasted cause. Additionally, the minority parties could end up with fairer representation in Westminster. Independent candidates will also have more opportunities at being elected with only a single one, Martin Bell, winning a seat in parliament during the 1997 elections. The candidate lost the seat during the second attempt where he used the pluralist electoral route. Another advantage of PR is that it removes safe seats that are characterized by perennial low turnouts. If people feel that their vote counts, then they may be more encouraged to part icipate in the elections. Using the PR system, the voter also has an increased variety of choice as far as candidates are concerned. Finally, a pluralist system can be eliminated by a proportional representation system ending up with a system that is â€Å"

Analysis of the marketing promotion of the Beverage Company Coca-Cola Essay

Analysis of the marketing promotion of the Beverage Company Coca-Cola worldwide - Essay Example From this research it is clear that the design and the implementation of a marketing strategy is a challenging task. Communication should be regarded as a priority in any successful marketing policy. Towards this direction, Moore supported that â€Å"what is strategic in the communication is not that it is designed to be manipulative, but instead that it is designed to advance particular policies or organizational strategies by making them comprehensible and by enlisting the support and cooperation of those who must work together to produce the intended result†. On the other hand, the professionals in the relevant area should have specific competencies in order to achieve the required targets. In accordance with a statement of Thomas, presented in Lewis et al. â€Å"we [the marketing profession] must recognise that, in addition to high standards of objectivity, integrity and technical competence, we must, in responding to the changing environment, demonstrate that we can and will serve society in general; this requires a clear and articulate demonstration of our ability to be relevant in the political sense†¦if we remain tied to the forces of manipulation and hype, if we are seen merely to be servants of our capitalist masters, we will remain marginal and untrustworthy†. The success of a marketing strategy of any firm around the world is highly depended on the competencies of its managers dealing with the specific sector.

Assignment In Client Server Architecture Information Technology Essay

Assignment In Client Server Architecture Information Technology Essay This report focuses on understanding the problems being faced by the Information System (IS) department of Hures as well as other Organisations dealing with human resource and management. Such organizations, private or public, continuously collect and process data (information) using technologies available at an increased rate and store the information in computerized systems. To maintain such information systems becomes difficult and extremely complex, especially as scalability-issues arise. Such problems identified are required to be sorted and find out the solutions. Therefore from the scenario given, the measures were taken into considerations to minimize problems in communication mechanism. The client server architecture was established in the beginning to improve productivity, efficiency and information handling. Nevertheless, the Hures Information System department experienced difficulties as the stored information grew leading to the need of establishing peer to peer architecture, intranets and extranets for security purposes. QUESTION ONE Do you think the problems faced by Hures are unique? Why or why not? The difficulty faced by Hures IS department is not peculiar to them rather the underlying technology. In a distributed environment they were working on, the client server technology had problems when it comes to the extension or scaling servers to accommodate additional loads that were initially not envisaged. Client-server architecture consists of series of clients connected to a common server mounted at some remote or nearby location. Hence when there are load increments in the distributed environment, it usually tends to cause problems that make the architecture difficult to scale accordingly. Moreover, for all users on the network the rate of data transfer might go down, and sometimes a powerful and expensive computer needs to be installed and integrated into the system in an attempt to improve scalability and availability of the server. Nevertheless, for every application under heavy loading, numerous computers may be needed. It is customary to utilise one computer to each server application under medium loading, so as to prevent the extent of damage, for example in the occasion of system failure or violation of privacy and security. Client and servers when connected together to form a network that would facilitate better communication is referred to as a client server architecture. A client is an application or system that accesses a (remote) service on another computer system known as a server by way of a network. Hence servers by their operation receive a message from client and work on them and then return the responses to the client. For instance, file server, web server, mail server and web browser are servers and client respectively (Harkey et aL, 1999). QUESTION TWO Suggest alternative architectures that could be used to overcome the problems faced by Hures current Client/Server technology. Increasingly need of users accessing to network resources (i.e. information) virtually for anything held on a database through a common interface. The network supports between the user and that information. Therefore, distributed system is one of the most ideal for location of resources or database transparency. In general, a server and client systems consist of two major parts which are software and related hardware. On a controlled and shared ground to the clients, servers host resources and make them available. This allows access to server content to be controlled in a much better and secured manner. Basically, client/server architecture is a two tier technology which means that it has two nodes namely a client and a server. In order to improve communication between the client and the server, a third node or interface called a middleware is introduced between the client and the server. This is technically a better design as the middleware which is a form of software between the client and the server processes data for clients such as web browsers e.g. internet explorer, mozilla firefox and safari which are all web client. Middleware store data for user applications enabling a comparatively better design that facilitate server scalability as the processing of requests has been separated by balancing the load on different servers (Harkey, et al, 1999). The role of Middleware in a Client-Server Architecture is illustrated in the figure below: Introducing the middleware results in the design of a three-tier architecture which later can be extended to an n-tier. The n-tier architecture has the disadvantages of impacting or increasing traffic congestion and reducing the design robustness. N-tier architecture becomes more difficult to run and test software than the two-tier architecture due to device congestion resulting in communication difficulties. The increased load in n-tier architecture could lead to overloading of the network. Apart from the mentioned disadvantages n-tier architecture has number of advantages which include: better security control, increased flexibility, user friendly, easy upgradeability and scalability compared to the two tier architecture (Harkey, et al, 1999) The implementation of an n-tier distributed computing architecture will be a solution to overcome problems faced by Hures. N-tier architecture has the potential to provide better, more timely information across the enterprise at a lower cost than the current combination of PC LAN, two-tier client/server, or mainframe applications that have been developed in most organizations. For n-tier architecture to be effective, three key components need to be present: Empowerment of the developer to integrate a distributed computing architecture within existing databases, tools, and components. Certainty of efficient network traffic. Mechanisms to handle load balancing to distribute the work across many servers. The n-tier client/server architecture provides an environment which supports all the benefits of both the one-tier approach and the two-tier approach, and also supports the goals of a flexible architecture. The three tiers refer to the three logical component parts of an application, not to the number of machines used by the application. An n-tier application model splits an application into its three logical component types-presentation logic, business logic, and data access logic, where there may be any number of each of the component types within an application. The application components communicate with each other using an abstract interface, which hides the underlying function performed by the component. This infrastructure provides location, security, and communication services for the application components. The n-tier client/server architecture provides an environment which supports all the benefits of both the one-tier approach and the two-tier approach, and also supports the goals of a flexible architecture. The technology should be able to handle future growth. Hures should carry out n-tier client/server technology to solve their partitioning problems. N-tier client/server architecture is an evolution of the traditional 2-tier and 3-tier models, and is suitable for large business applications where many users share common data and operations on them. Peer to Peer The structure of peer to peer network architectures, they do not have a fixed server responsible for blocking and routing request to and from nodes unlike client server architecture. Peer-to-peer networks are simple and easy to implement. However they fail to render the same performance under heavy loads. Distributed computing, instant messaging and affinity communities are all examples of peer to peer network architecture (Deal, 2005). QUESTION THREE One of the suggestions proposed by Hures IS department is the use of intra net web technology. Examine the pros and cons of such an idea. Intranet can be described as a private version of the internet or network connectivity. It is based on TCPIIP protocols configured for a particular organization system, usually a corporation, accessible only by the organizations members, employees, or others with permission to do so. An intranet website looks and acts just like any other Web sites, but the firewall surrounding an intranet fends off unauthorized access. Like the Internet, intranets are used to share information over a network (Douglas, 2005). Intranet is privately owned computer network that utilizes Internet protocols and network connectivity. It is safe and secure in sharing part of organizational operations such as marketing, administrative information or other matters concerned with the organization and its employees. The techniques, concepts and technologies associated with the internet such as clients and servers running on the Internet protocol suite are employed in building an intranet. HTTP, FTP, e-mail and o ther Internet protocols are also applied. Usually intranets are restricted to employees of the particular firm, while extranets tend to have wider scope so that they can be accessed by customers, suppliers or other authorized agents. On the other hand, intranets like other technologies have their own merits and demerits. Below are some of the advantages and disadvantages of this technology (Stallings and Slyke, 1998). The pros and cons (advantages and disadvantages respectively) for Hures using intranet web Technology were accounted for as follows: Advantages Intranet serves as an effective communication tool within the organization, both vertically and horizontally thereby promoting a common corporate culture where every user is accessing the same information available on a common platform. Intranet enables proper time management, since organizations are capable to make adequate information available to employees on the intranet. This way, employees are able to connect to relevant information within the effective time. Increases the productivity levels of workforce by allowing them to locate and view information faster. It also enables them to use applications relevant to the task at hand. Also, web browsers such as Internet Explorer or Firefox help users to readily access data from any database the organization makes available, subject to security provisions within the companys workstations thereby improving services to users. Intranets have cross-platform capability which enables it to adequately support different types of web browsers irrespective of their backbone be it Java, Mac or UNIX. This ability enhances collaboration since every authorized user is capable of viewing information on the site thereby promoting teamwork. Provide a comparatively cost-effective means for network users to access information or data through a web-browser instead of preparing physical documents like manuals, internal phone list or even ledges and requisition forms. Publishing on the web permits critical corporate knowledge such as company policies, business standards, training manuals etc to be secured and easily accessed throughout the company using hypermedia and other web technologies. It facilitates the business operations and management. Increasingly they are being used as a platform for developing and deploying applications that support business operations and decision making across the whole enterprise. (Goldberg, 1996) QUESTION FOUR Do you think the popularity of intranets and the Internet pose threats to traditional Client/Server systems? Intranet and Internet become popular to some extent because they pose some threats to the traditional Client/server systems. It is true that Internet and intranet are both web technologies. A few years ago, the typical office environment consisted of PCs were connected to a network, with servers providing file and print services. Remote access was awkward, and profitability was achieved by use of laptop computers. Terminals attached to mainframes were prevalent at many companies as well with even fewer remote access and portability options. (Silberschtuz, 2004) Currently the secure intranets are the fastest-growing segment of the Internet comparatively much less expensive to build and manage compared to the private networks. Usually private networks are based on proprietary protocols with mostly client server architecture. An extranet creates a secure tunnel between two companies over the public Internet. It is also used to connect remote employees to corporate network by the use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). Also intranets are increasingly being used for tools and applications delivery, which facilitate group work and teleconferencing to an enhanced collaboration within the organizations. In order to increase productivity of organizations, sophisticated corporate directories, sales and CRM tools and project management, are all taking advantage of intranet technology (Robert, et al, 1999). Conclusion The problems faced by Hures like other organization including private and public,which are continuosly collecting and storing data in accelerated rate. The above answers on respective four questions discussed on as follows: If the problems experienced by Hures since 1985 up to now are unique or not, comparing to other organizations, such problems experienced were due to growth of business demands in information systems (IS). For example, Hures was forced to downsize the IS from mainframe to Client/Server network resulted in higher efficiency and profit. Nevertheless the problems arise on the server scaling due to loading capacity, forced the company to incur much cost on implementation of distributed environment with more powerful desktop machines. These problems are not unique because all organizations demand changes in IS while they grow up in business. Secondly, the alternative architectures have been discussed about solving the problems of Heures as well as other organizations in information systems. Therefore, distributed system has been suggested which is the most ideal for location of resources or database transparency in networking environment. Thirdly, the intranet web technology as the special network for special organization suggested by Hures IS department, was discussed on its pros and cons which can be relied on for proper construction of networks in any organization. Finally, we have seen that the popularity of intranets and the Internet pose threats to traditional Client/Server systems since the most fastest growing firms with sophisticated systems have taken advantages of Intranet and Internet technologies to facilitate the efficiency in networking and higher production. Bibliography Douglas, E. Corner: (2000). THE INTERNET. 3rd ed. Prentice Hall Publishing. Emmerich, W. (2003). Engineering Distributed objects. Wiley publishing Gralla, P. (2005). How the Internet Works .3rd ed. Addison Wesley Norton. P. (2003). Introduction to computers. 5th ed. http://www .firstauthor .orglDownloadsIP2P. pdf Wikipedia (2007), Client server architecture, accessed 18th September, 2008 http://en.wikipedia.orglwiki/Client-server _architecture REFERENCES: Douglas, E. C. (2005). Internetworking with TCPIIP Principles, Protocols and Architecture. 5th ed. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, pp.349-359 Goldberg, C. J. (1996). Entrepreneur Business Service Industry October. (http://findarticles.coIIUp articles/mi mODTVis /ai 18726414), accessed on 09/10/2008. Harkey, D., Edwards, J. and Orfali, R. (1999). Client/server Survival Guide. 3rd ed., Canada, Pp 7-10, 12, 199-201 and 349 Silberschatz, A. (2004). Operating System Concepts with Java. 6th ed. USA: John WHey Sons, Inc. p.23. Stallings, W. and Slyke, R. V. (1998). Business Data Communications. 3rd ed. Prentice-Hall International. Pp.422, 429-433. Beal, V. (2005). All about Peer to Peer. Date accessed-12th September, 2008 http://www.webopedia.comIDidY ouKnowlInternet/2005/peer to peer.asp

Mertons Strain Theory Essay -- Sociology, Adaptation, Inequalities

In Merton’s (1938) strain theory social structures account for the criminal tendencies found in offenders. Individuals adjust to societal pressures in five distinct ways. Adaptation I, which entails conforming to both culture norms and means, is the most common. The popularity of this adaptation allows a society to function effectively. In contrast, adaptation IV is the least common and gives rise to the rejection of both cultural goals and means. Those that adopt this culture pattern are societal misfits and usually include some such persons as psychotics, psychoneurotics, chronic autists, vagrants, and chronic drunkards or drug addicts. Sykes and Matza’s (1957) control theory postulates that acts of delinquency are generally not approved of even by the delinquents who commit such crimes. First, they don’t believe their crimes are â€Å"right†. Instead, they often show remorse or guilt when faced with the consequences of their crimes. Moreover, this show of shame shouldn’t be completely attributed to deception to pacify authorities. Second, delinquents do have respect for law-abiding citizens (Sykes and Matza, 1957). Often if a delinquent’s offenses are shared with law-abiding people that they look up to or sports heroes perhaps they will show deep remorse. Therefore, delinquents do not hold a set of values that are in contrast with cultural norms. Sykes and Matza (1957) describe two more points, but in light of the two given here there is evidence that delinquency is not the creation of a sub-culture, because a society of those who conform cannot be overlooked. Instead, delinquent acts are internally justified despite their repugnance to the legal system and the rest of society (Sykes and Matza, 1957). There ... ...elihood. In sum, Rosenfeld and Messner (1995), Bonger (1969), and Currie (1997) give examples of how materialism is destroying the lives of US citizens. Materialism is not a facet of liberal or conservative thought (Galston, 1991; Kirk, 1987). Moreover, in both Galston (1991) and Kirk’s (1987) articles there was no attack on capitalism and the market economy. However, the liberal idea of the need for social programs was propounded by Currie (1997), which is counter to conservative ideals. Currie (1997) also showed the need to debunk the conservative â€Å"myth† that there must always be inequalities in society. Besides these points these criminologists are really attacking capitalism and are not on a liberal or conservative platform. Furthermore, Chesney-Lind (1989) doesn’t delve into the government’s political structure based on liberal or conservative views. Merton's Strain Theory Essay -- Sociology, Adaptation, Inequalities In Merton’s (1938) strain theory social structures account for the criminal tendencies found in offenders. Individuals adjust to societal pressures in five distinct ways. Adaptation I, which entails conforming to both culture norms and means, is the most common. The popularity of this adaptation allows a society to function effectively. In contrast, adaptation IV is the least common and gives rise to the rejection of both cultural goals and means. Those that adopt this culture pattern are societal misfits and usually include some such persons as psychotics, psychoneurotics, chronic autists, vagrants, and chronic drunkards or drug addicts. Sykes and Matza’s (1957) control theory postulates that acts of delinquency are generally not approved of even by the delinquents who commit such crimes. First, they don’t believe their crimes are â€Å"right†. Instead, they often show remorse or guilt when faced with the consequences of their crimes. Moreover, this show of shame shouldn’t be completely attributed to deception to pacify authorities. Second, delinquents do have respect for law-abiding citizens (Sykes and Matza, 1957). Often if a delinquent’s offenses are shared with law-abiding people that they look up to or sports heroes perhaps they will show deep remorse. Therefore, delinquents do not hold a set of values that are in contrast with cultural norms. Sykes and Matza (1957) describe two more points, but in light of the two given here there is evidence that delinquency is not the creation of a sub-culture, because a society of those who conform cannot be overlooked. Instead, delinquent acts are internally justified despite their repugnance to the legal system and the rest of society (Sykes and Matza, 1957). There ... ...elihood. In sum, Rosenfeld and Messner (1995), Bonger (1969), and Currie (1997) give examples of how materialism is destroying the lives of US citizens. Materialism is not a facet of liberal or conservative thought (Galston, 1991; Kirk, 1987). Moreover, in both Galston (1991) and Kirk’s (1987) articles there was no attack on capitalism and the market economy. However, the liberal idea of the need for social programs was propounded by Currie (1997), which is counter to conservative ideals. Currie (1997) also showed the need to debunk the conservative â€Å"myth† that there must always be inequalities in society. Besides these points these criminologists are really attacking capitalism and are not on a liberal or conservative platform. Furthermore, Chesney-Lind (1989) doesn’t delve into the government’s political structure based on liberal or conservative views.

A Discussion of Obamacare Essay

Over the course of my paper I shall discuss the piece of legislation known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, more informally known as Obamacare. The issue currently debated with this piece of legislature focuses on it’s constitutionality, it’s purpose as a tax hike, and whether or not it should be passed. Is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act unconstitutional? From what I have studied in the article â€Å"Is Obamacare unconstitutional? †, at debatetopics. net, and from what I know of the act, I would say that it is certainly unconstitutional. Does the act serve as a tax hike? According to â€Å"Voters consider ObamaCare a tax hike, poll shows† at foxnews. com, it does. Should the Patient Protection and Affordable Care act be passed? From everything I have learned of the act and from what knowledge I have gained from â€Å"Patterson: State leaders should refuse to allow Obamacare to localize† at masnbc. com, I personally would not allow the act to pass. The act is unconstitutional as it was passed under a false premise. It was upheld as constitutional by justifying the individual mandate as a tax. However, it would never have been passed if it had been upfront in regards to creating a new personal tax. The means used to justify the act as constitutional are inconsistent with the original wording of the bill and therefore unconstitutional. The act is also passed under a false premise as it creates a new tax and is therefore a tax bill. Those living in the country illegally are exempt from buying health insurance and get it for free. Those individuals who are currently considered â€Å"entitled† and receive government aid are also exempt. These illegal immigrants and entitled persons will receive free healthcare and the rest of the country will have to pay for it. The act is also unconstitutional in regards to the individual mandate itself. It is not up to the government to make it’s citizens purchase health insurance, nor should they pay for the health insurance of others. It is up to no other person to give a given individual anything. There should never a case in which one group of people is forced to care for others because those others refuse to do anything with themselves and their lives. The act is clearly unconstitutional as it forces the average United States citizen to purchase a service from a private firm or be penalized for not doing so. The fine attached to not purchasing health insurance is also only considered constitutional under Congress’ power to tax. A main way of denying Obamacare is to refuse to establish state-level health exchanges. Exchanges are basically government sanctioned cartels where only a few government approved insurers can sell government approved health insurance, including all subsidies, exemptions and mandates that they apply. When agreeing to establish an exchange, a given state agrees to operate a massive government program which would be run according to federal rules and mandates. The federal government would control the doctors and providers allowed, the health insurance plans and benefits, the subsidies and exemptions. The state would do the work of the federal government and bear the cost of the program and would also act as an IRS enforcer as it would be required to give the names and taxpayer identification numbers of people who have changed employers and lost coverage as well as those who have terminated their coverage or simply choose not to purchase insurance. On top of all of this, the state would be responsible for enforcing the individual mandate. Overall, the Patient Protection and affordable care act is unconstitutional, serves a tax hike and should not be passed under any circumstance. Bibliography: â€Å"Is Obamacare Unconstitutional? †,2012, â€Å"Voters consider ObamaCare a tax hike, poll shows†,2012, â€Å" Patterson: State leaders should refuse to allow Obamacare to localize†,2012,

Nuremberg Trials Essays - War Crimes, International Criminal Law

Nuremberg Trials Essays - War Crimes, International Criminal Law Nuremberg Trials After World War II, numerous war-crimes trials tried and convicted many Axis leaders. Judges from Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States tried twenty-two Nazi leaders for: crimes against humanity (mostly about the Holocaust), violating long-established rules of war, and waging aggressive war. This was known as the Nuremberg Trials. Late in 1946, the German defendants were indicted and charged before a war crimes tribunal at Nuremberg(Shairo, 4). Twenty of the defendants were physicians who stood at or near the top of the medical authority of the Third Reich, as governmental, military, or SS officials. The others had executive positions, which brought them close to connections with medical affairs. It all started when people heard about the Nazis in human acts, just about four months after World War II started. No one would believe that such a thing would happen. While the people were thinking like that the Jews were being shipped out of the country, some Jews were being put in working camps or farms. This was the beginning of the Final Solution of the Holocaust. On August 8 the London Agreement was signed. They later named it the International Military Tribunal (IMT), having 8 judges. This was made so that they would try to stop the Nazi crimes. They had additional Nuremberg hearings that were broken down into twelve trials. In connection with these trials, the U.S. military tribunals had thirty-five defendants and released nineteen of them because they could find anything to get them on. They made Nuremberg Laws because of Hitlers concentration camps and his other inhuman acts(Gutman, 142_). He didnt go by the lead system, he made himself the Supreme Judge. Hitler could imprison or execute anyone he wanted to. He made laws keeping Jews out of certain public places or jobs. He wouldnt let Jews have German citizenship. The Nuremberg Laws stated that there would be no more inhumane acts or segregation of Jews. One of the positive sides of the Nuremberg incident was the trials documented Nazi crimes for future generations. Many citizens of the world remember hearing about the Nazis brutalities and inhuman acts. Hundreds of official Nazi documents entered into evidence at Nuremberg telling the horrible tale of the Third Reich in the Nazis own words. Six million Jews, and others not liked by the Nazis were killed. Not one convicted Nazi denied that the mass killing had occurred. Each denied only personal knowledge and responsibility. The negative things that happened at Nuremberg were the establishment of the International Military Tribunal to lead to a permanent counterpart before which crimes against humanity can be tried. Within Twenty-four wars between nations and ninety-three civil wars between 1945 and 1992, no international body had been gathered to try aggressor nations or individuals accused of war crimes(Conot). Despite the reluctance of nations to unite in common cause and move swiftly toward a lasting road to aggression, hope yes abides for the best of Nurembergs brightest promise. The world had a problem of what to do about the Nazi regime that had presided over the extermination of some six million Jews and deaths of millions of others with no basis in military necessity. Never before in history had the victors tried the vanquished for crimes committed during a war. Though, never in history had they commit crimes of such inhumanity. The International Military Tribunal held to the principle that persons committing a criminal violation of international law are responsible for violation, on the grounds that crimes of this nature are the result of their own acts. The tribunal thought for crimes carried out on orders from above, since many of the crimes had been committed in one with the Reich policy. The International Military Tribunal found it appropriate to single out the persecution of the Jews. The testimony given at the Nuremberg Trial, the document presented by the prosecution, and the entire record of its proceedings establish an exceptional source for the study of the Holocaust. The Nuremberg debates may continue for decades due to the tribunals rulings at Nuremberg(West, 93). The Nuremberg Trials have been put down as acts of vengence(Conot). Some observers considered a number of sentence as being too harsh. Others have pointed

Goya Essays

Goya Essays Goya Essay Goya Essay The major marketing management decisions can be classified in one of the following, product, price, place, and promotion. These variables are known as the company’s marketing mix or the 4 P’s of marketing. The purpose of this report is to analyze the four components of the marketing mix of the Goya Food brand. Goya Foods was founded in 1936 by Prudencio Unanue . With more than 1,500 items available today, Goya Foods Inc. is the largest Hispanic-owned company in the United States. The family-owned company maintains manufacturing and distribution facilities in the United States, the Caribbean, and Spain. Goya Foods sells grocery products focused at the Hispanic market. Its products include a full range of grocery, dairy, and frozen foods. The Unanues began importing Spanish products such as olive oil and olives to sell to New York Citys growing Hispanic population. The Unanue family still owns Goya, and today the company sells more than 1,500 food products, including many kinds of canned and dried peas and beans and more than 20 rice products. With 13 facilities in the U. S. , Caribbean, and Europe, Goya also sells juices and fruit nectars, seasonings and oils, and Latin specialties. The company has undergone the most extensive facilities expansion in its history, adding over one million square feet to its manufacturing and packaging capacity. Goya Foods and its consumers will realize substantial gains through the creation and strategic expansion of these new, state-of-the art manufacturing and distribution centers throughout the United States, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic and Spain. : In an effort to reach out to non-Hispanic customers, Goya recast its labels in 1997 to include the English as well as Spanish name of each product on the front, instead of the back, as had been done previously. The design of the company logo was tweaked around 1998. The distinctive, rounded font was retained, but the Goya name was moved onto a blue rectangle with a yellow border on the bottom.

CM115 Week 1 Seminar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CM115 Week 1 Seminar - Essay Example At times, people are unable to communicate while under stress, and it may affect personal and interpersonal relationships. For that reason, the study will help me gain on knowledge about communication in stressful situations. Effective communication is an inherent skill that the study of communication fosters. The study of communication is essential for several reasons. Despite our best attempts, people can understand what we communicate differently, depending on their translation. For that reason, the study will help reduce conflicts, frustrations, and misunderstandings experienced in the communication process. Secondly, it enhances clear and effective communication, and this improves communication skills, which fosters respect and builds trust. Thirdly, the study goes further than just the use of words, but also equips a person with a set of skills that integrates the emotional aspects and nonverbal forms of communication. Lastly, it improves cooperation, decision-making, and problem solving, and equips one with the necessary skills to communicate even difficult messages in an efficient manner that does not create conflict (O’Toole, 2008). In the main, it enables one to read their audience and understand the best method to present

Description of Business Resources Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Description of Business Resources - Coursework Example The notion that managing resources and controlling budget cost can improve the performance of a business is also discussed in a clear and outright way. There are several physical and technological resources required in the operation of the advertising and publishing company. One is building and facilities, it is apparent that the business needs a premise to operate from in Oman. Buildings play a significant role in the image of a company and can influence different types of customers. The location of the business is important for distribution purposes. By locating the business at Oman, Mohammed should ensure it is located a place where it is accessed by many people as there will be more profits.1 Another one is the machinery to be used in the company. Mohammed should ensure that the company obtains the required machinery in the publishing process. Also, there must be computers where the adverts will be designed from before publication. Mohammed will need to ensure that he abides by the health and safety laws. This is by providing the employees with a safe environment as some of the equipment and machinery may be hazardous to health. The stock is another requirement needed by the company. The advertising and publishing company requires the stock of papers and ink that will be used in the printing process.2 The management of human resources can improve the performance of the selected organization. Mohammed should ensure that the right approach is used to the employees planning and management of their profession. Human resource management is important to the company as it enables employees to perform efficiently increasing the production. Some of the methods Mohammed can use in managing human resource management are training, appraisal, motivating and personal development skills. Also, the staff to be employed must have the right skills and papers for a particular Job role.